The Abolition of Man Cs Lewis Review Essay Example for Free

The Abolition of Man Cs Lewis Review Essay The Abolition of Man was written by C.S. Lewis in 1943. It was subtitled Reflections on education with special reference to the teaching of English in the upper forms of schools†. C.S. Lewis was born in 1898 and died in 1963 (same day as Robert F. Kennedy). He was a fiction and non-fiction writer whose most popular non-fiction work was â€Å"The Chronicles of Narnia†. Lewis was a Classicist who agreed philosophically with Plato and Aristotle and also considered himself a â€Å"Pagan in a World of Apostate Christians†. Lewis was also a friend of JRR Tolkien. The Abolition of Man is listed as #7 on the top 200 greatest works of the 20th Century. In Abolition Lewis writes of two opposing views: The World off the Green Book vs. the World of the Tao. â€Å"Abolition of Man† is a short philosophical work about moral education. In Chapter 1 â€Å"Men Without Chests† the Tao is described as a broad generalization of traditional moralities of the East and West consisting of Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, Confusion, Jewish, Muslim, and Socratic ideologies. The Tao is the sole source of valued judgments and something we cannot change otherwise the Tao would cease to exist. Within the Tao judgments are either right or they are wrong. Within the â€Å"World of the Green Book† all valued judgments and morality are subjective. The green Book itself is really an English textbook used in English upper advance primary schools. The text of the Green book teaches students that sentences containing the predicate of value are not statements about qualities in their subjects but rather unimportant statements about the speakers own feelings. Lewis believed that this philosophy was out of place in an English text book, regardless o f its validity, and proceeds to tear the philosophy apart. The Green book states that objects can merit our approval or disapproval. Lewis describes The Mind of Man in a platonic division of three: Head- the Center of man’s intelligence Stomach- The center of man’s desire Chest- The center of man’s will Lewis argues that removing all sentiments from the mind (as rationalists try to do) produces â€Å"Men Without Chests†. Lewis believes that making valued judgments are an essential part of clear thinking. In Chapter 2, â€Å"The Way†, Lewis hacks away at all other alternative system of values. Lewis goes on to argue that no one can debunk the Tao. To debunk the Tao and have a defensible position against it, one must invoke it. While attempting to debunk the Tao all other systems such as Progressivism, Utilitarianism, and instinct based ethics can be debunked themselves. â€Å"Debunking the Tao debunks itself† Lewis write of other systems. Lewis states that all other systems fall apart among further examination and people who try to debunk the Tao are trying to substitute some other system for it. In Chapter 2 arbitrary goals of other systems are described as necessary, progressive, and efficient. Lewis asks of these systems: Necessary for what? Progressing towards what? Affecting what? What are these goals and why are they desirable? The Tao states that â€Å"certain states of affairs are intrinsically meritorious†. To Lewis, Utilitarianism fails because it is a social ethic and that it lacks personal obligation. Instinct based ethics are our moral values that are derived from animal instincts. Lewis asks â€Å"Do our animal instincts make our morality?† Concerning ethics Lewis tells us that ethics are not something that tell us what we actually do but rather ethics is about telling us what we OUGHT to do, should do, should have done, ought to have done, and OUGHT to be doing. He goes on to say that basing our ethics on instincts does not make sense and that basing ethics on instincts is basing ethics on what people tell us to do. â€Å"People say different things†¦so do our instincts. Our instincts are at war with each other.† There are times in which we should control and suppress our instincts and that there is no one great instinct we should obey. In summation, ethics cannot be derived from our instincts. Chapter two ends with Lewis concluding that the Tao is the sole source of all valued judgment and that nothing is intrinsically evil. All evil is the result of twisting something good and that moral progress is â€Å"timeless, constant, and unchanging.† Lewis referred to chapter one â€Å"Men without Chests† as the present, chapter two â€Å"The Way† as the past, and chapter three â€Å"The Abolition of Man† as the future. The Abolition of man comes in when one tries to exercise the Tao from humanity, because man cannot be man without it. The Tao is a defining characteristic of man, found in no animals, and nowhere else in the universe that we know of. â€Å"To become a race that rejects the Tao is to become something other than human.† I have to admit, â€Å"The Abolition of Man† is one of the hardest reads I’ve ever had. I think if there was some way to modernize it and translate some of what Lewis was talking about it could end up b eing one of the great works of the 21st century. All in all I have probably read this book three times and I’m still a bit confused. My take on it is this; Lewis describes a principle of right and wrong. There is no grey area of the Tao, it is what is intrinsically good in the universe regardless of which philosophy you choose to follow. By trying to discredit what is intrinsically good you are discrediting yourself as any argument that stands against what is all good must contain something that is bad†¦therefore it is wrong to even try. Ethics are not instinctive and instincts themselves, although natural, are not always good just because they are instinctive.

sr :: essays research papers

roject net income they believe will impress top management but could be perceived by their key employees as unattainable. Such an unrealistic target could discourage rather than motivate the operating unit employees. Targets must be clearly understood. It is critical that bonus participants participate in the setting of bonus targets. Their views and suggestions should be given serious consideration. When their suggestions are rejected or modified, the reasons should be clearly communicated. Misunderstandings concerning the bonus targets create unproductive time spent in discussions and demoralized employees who believe that they are being treated unfairly. Periodically communicate the outlook for bonuses. To maximize the motivational value of the program, the financial staff of each operating unit should periodically communicate the current outlook for annual bonuses to bonus participants. This is accomplished by comparing a forecast of the bonus criteria with the bonus targets. Using the forecasted percentage of bonus earned for the unit, each participant can forecast his or her bonus. A review of the key actions necessary to accomplish or exceed the forecast should be included in this periodic bonus update. This can be a very strong motivational tool, because the bonus participants have an identifiable personal stake in the accomplishment of these actions. Many companies include a bonus update in their regularly scheduled operating review. Resolve bonus problems early. One way to accomplish this is to periodically update the outlook for bonuses for each operating unit. Strong lines of communication are beneficial to both operating units and corporate staff. One of the benefits of a bonus update is early identification of problems, which require action on the part of senior management. By identifying problems in the bonus program as the year unfolds, it is possible to take prompt action, minimizing damage. If the bonus criteria have not been clearly stated, they should be modified with the participation of unit and senior management. Pay bonuses as soon as feasible. A bonus can represent a significant portion of a key employee's compensation. This serves the purpose of getting his or her attention, which is a double-edged sword. The focus of attention should be the future, but for many employees the current year is not their chief concern until the previous year's bonus is paid. Delays in paying bonuses may create apprehension and tension which are counterproductive. If bonuses for the prior year cannot be paid within the first month of the New Year, some of the positive impact of the bonus program is lost. sr :: essays research papers roject net income they believe will impress top management but could be perceived by their key employees as unattainable. Such an unrealistic target could discourage rather than motivate the operating unit employees. Targets must be clearly understood. It is critical that bonus participants participate in the setting of bonus targets. Their views and suggestions should be given serious consideration. When their suggestions are rejected or modified, the reasons should be clearly communicated. Misunderstandings concerning the bonus targets create unproductive time spent in discussions and demoralized employees who believe that they are being treated unfairly. Periodically communicate the outlook for bonuses. To maximize the motivational value of the program, the financial staff of each operating unit should periodically communicate the current outlook for annual bonuses to bonus participants. This is accomplished by comparing a forecast of the bonus criteria with the bonus targets. Using the forecasted percentage of bonus earned for the unit, each participant can forecast his or her bonus. A review of the key actions necessary to accomplish or exceed the forecast should be included in this periodic bonus update. This can be a very strong motivational tool, because the bonus participants have an identifiable personal stake in the accomplishment of these actions. Many companies include a bonus update in their regularly scheduled operating review. Resolve bonus problems early. One way to accomplish this is to periodically update the outlook for bonuses for each operating unit. Strong lines of communication are beneficial to both operating units and corporate staff. One of the benefits of a bonus update is early identification of problems, which require action on the part of senior management. By identifying problems in the bonus program as the year unfolds, it is possible to take prompt action, minimizing damage. If the bonus criteria have not been clearly stated, they should be modified with the participation of unit and senior management. Pay bonuses as soon as feasible. A bonus can represent a significant portion of a key employee's compensation. This serves the purpose of getting his or her attention, which is a double-edged sword. The focus of attention should be the future, but for many employees the current year is not their chief concern until the previous year's bonus is paid. Delays in paying bonuses may create apprehension and tension which are counterproductive. If bonuses for the prior year cannot be paid within the first month of the New Year, some of the positive impact of the bonus program is lost.

Hamburger †Advertising Essay

Many people nowadays depend on fast food restaurants in their daily life. Most of them particularly young people prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and pizza. There are many this restaurants are popular. The main ones are that the fast food is easy to get, cheaper, tastes delicious, and it is always ready. The main reason why fast food is so popular is because it is easy to get. Many people work long hours, so they do not have time to prepare their own food. It is easier and more convenient to stop and get something fast to eat, like a hamburger or a pizza. Also, in this times many women work and because of that they have less time to prepare family meals. It is easier for them to just order some fast food. Another reason for the popularity of fast food is that it tastes delicious. Fast food gives the children the kind of food they really love, such as nuggets, pizza, donuts, fries and hot dogs. Everyone loves fast food not only because it is always ready also because it tastes delicious. Nowadays fast food is also very popular because of advertisement. All forms of media advertise about fast food, such as the internet, television and billboards in the street. By these advertisements they know where every restaurant of fast food is located. The final reason why people also love fast food is because there are so many of them, next to their work place, their homes or on the side of the road. That is an important point to many people, because they do not want to waste time searching for a restaurant to eat, they want something near, fast and cheap. People eat fast food for many reasons, both bad and good. Most of the people consume it because it is easy to get, it is delicious and because they are everywhere. Everyone in some point of their life has eaten these food, because of the lack of time, or because you do not feel like cooking. Eating this type of food is not bad as long as you do not overdo it. If you combine it with a nutritious food everything is fine.

World Cultures North And South America And Europe

Noah Weisman 10 May 2016 World Cultures 1: North and South America and Europe Project 2; Investigating Another Region An Analysis of Jamaica If I would visit anywhere in the world, it would probably be the proud and independent island nation of Jamaica. The island-nation of Jamaica is the third largest island of the â€Å"Greater Antilles,† a collection of larger islands in the Caribbean Sea, which is a specific section of the North Atlantic Ocean of the Western Hemisphere, specifically off the east coast of the continent of North America. To the north, lie the countries of Cuba, the Bahamas, Crooked Island, Cat Island, Great Inagua, Nassau, Andrea, Key West, and the southern coast of Florida (which is part of the United States of†¦show more content†¦Like many other Caribbean islands, the island of Jamaica was formed by vast and tall underwater volcanoes that, after erupting, their lava cooled to form the land mass of Jamaica. The center of this island-nation contains many of these ancient and long-dormant volcanoes and, as a result, they are mostly composed of igneous rock. This occurrence has creat ed the significant and gorgeous mountainous landforms that compose both the central and eastern regions of Jamaica. Most tourists tend to visit the Blue Mountains, Dry Harbor Mountains, and the Moncho Mountains. Over time, however, these mountains have slowly eroded due to various forms of weathering, such as rainwater, chemicals in the air, and the assorted varieties of plants and animals that burrow within. One can see significant evidence of this weathering process in the mountainous landforms of central Jamaica by the many flowing rivers and waterfalls, as well as the many coves, caves and sinkholes all throughout the valleys between the Dry Harbor Mountains in the northeast and the Moncho Mountains in the southwest. The three major rivers of Jamaica are the Black River, Minho River, and the Kingston River. As well, the erosion explains for the geological differences between central and eastern Jamaica. Central Jamaica has more valleys, flat plateaus, and mid-latitude hills. By contrast, the mountains of eastern Jamaica are more steep and reach